Internet Voting

Internet voting is not private or secure.

internet security

About Internet Voting

Expanding insecure technology like internet voting makes election results less trustworthy—at a time when having secure and verifiable elections is more important than ever.

“Internet voting” is another term for “electronic ballot return”, and means returning a voted ballot over the internet electronically—including via mobile apps, email, fax, or a website portal. Internet voting endangers voters’ privacy, capacity to vote, and trust that their votes are being recorded and counted accurately—and erodes public confidence in our elections. Every voter has a right to a secret ballot that cannot be traced back to them, but a voter’s identity must also be verified to ensure no one else votes in their name. This combination of privacy and verification is impossible with current internet voting technology. Click here to learn more, and scroll down for more resources, testimony, and studies about internet voting.

Internet Voting FAQs

Answers to frequently asked questions about internet voting in general. Topics include risks, threats, blockchain, security, and more.
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Internet Voting Resources

Electronic Ballot Return Is Dangerously Insecure

Casting Votes Safely: Examining Internet Voting’s Dangers and Highlighting Safer Alternatives

Five Consensus Studies Examining Internet Voting

Library: Studies Examining Internet Voting

If I can shop and bank online, why can’t I vote online?

Testimony: Internet Voting Vulnerabilities

International Internet Voting Failures

Internet Voting: State by State

 

Internet voting means returning a voted ballot electronically, including via fax, email, or website portal. Electronic ballot return varies by state—and sometimes county. Voters permitted to use the return method specified are listed below with links to relevant statutes.

2024FaxEmailWebsite PortalFirst Year in UseVoters Permitted to Use Electronic Return Method
Alabama X2016Military and overseas voters outside the U.S.
AlaskaX 1998Military and overseas voters and voters who apply within 15 days of Election Day
American Samoa No internet voting
ArizonaX 2004Military and overseas voters
X2008Military and overseas voters
Maricopa County X 2020Military and overseas voters
Pima County X 2020Military and overseas voters
Arkansas No internet voting
CaliforniaX 2004Military and overseas voters
ColoradoX 2004Military and overseas voters and voters experiencing certain emergencies
X 2008Military and overseas voters and voters experiencing certain emergencies
X2018Military and overseas voters, voters with print disabilities, and voters experiencing certain emergencies
Connecticut No internet voting
DelawareX 2010Military and overseas voters and voters who are sick or who have physical disabilities
X 2010Military and overseas voters and voters who are sick or who have physical disabilities
District of ColumbiaX 1992Military and overseas voters
X 2012Military and overseas voters
FloridaX 2002Military and overseas voters outside the U.S.
Georgia No internet voting
Guam No internet voting
HawaiiX 1994Voters who need a replacement ballot or who do not receive a mailed ballot within five days of the election, voters who can’t return ballots by close of polls, and voters with disabilities
X 2016Voters who need a replacement ballot or who do not receive a mailed ballot within five days of the election, voters who can’t return ballots by close of polls, and voters with disabilities
X2024Voters with print disabilities
IdahoX 2008Voters directly affected by a national or local emergency
X 2008Voters directly affected by a national or local emergency
Illinois No internet voting
IndianaX 1996Military and overseas voters and voters with print disabilities
X 2010Military and overseas voters and voters with print disabilities
IowaX 2006Military and overseas voters in an imminent danger pay area or active service members outside the U.S.
X 2006Military and overseas voters in an imminent danger pay area or active service members outside the U.S.
KansasX 1994Military and overseas voters
X 2012Military and overseas voters
Kentucky No internet voting
LouisianaX 1992Military and overseas voters, absentee voters who will not be able to vote timely by mail, and voters with disabilities
X 2012Military and overseas voters and voters who are on duty outside their parish or the state related to a declared emergency
MaineX 1996Military and overseas voters
X 2010Military and overseas voters and voters with disabilities
Maryland No internet voting
MassachusettsX 2010Military and overseas voters
X 2010Military and overseas voters
X2022Voters with print disabilities
Michigan No internet voting
Minnesota No internet voting
MississippiX 2000Military and overseas voters
X 2006Military and overseas voters
MissouriX 2002Military and overseas voters in areas designated inaccessible by the secretary of state or affected voters in cases of a declared emergency
X 2006Military and overseas voters in areas designated inaccessible by the secretary of state
X2014Military and overseas voters in areas designated inaccessible by the secretary of state
MontanaX 2000*Military and overseas voters
X 2012Military and overseas voters
NebraskaX 2010Military and overseas voters with prior approval
X 2010Military and overseas voters with prior approval
NevadaX 2010Military and overseas voters, voters with disabilities, and voters who are tribal members who reside on a reservation
X 2010Military and overseas voters, voters with disabilities, and voters who are tribal members who reside on a reservation
X2014Military and overseas voters, voters with disabilities, and voters who are tribal members who reside on a reservation
New Hampshire No internet voting
New JerseyX 1996Military and overseas voters, who must also send a hard copy of their ballot via postal mail
X 2008Military and overseas voters, who must also send a hard copy of their ballot via postal mail
New MexicoX 2004Military and overseas voters
X 2008Military and overseas voters
New York No internet voting
North CarolinaX 2000Military and overseas voters
X 2000Military and overseas voters
X2020Military and overseas voters and voters with visual impairments
North DakotaX 1992Military and overseas voters
X 2006Military and overseas voters
X2012Military and overseas voters
Ohio No internet voting
OklahomaX 2004Military and overseas voters
OregonX 2010Military and overseas voters
X 2012Military and overseas voters
Jackson County X2020Military and overseas voters
Umatilla County X2020Military and overseas voters
Pennsylvania No internet voting
Puerto Rico No internet voting
Rhode IslandX 2000Military and overseas voters and voters with certain disabilities if ballot requested by fax
X 2022Military and overseas voters and voters with certain disabilities
X2024Military and overseas voters and voters with certain disabilities
South CarolinaX 1996Military and overseas voters
X 2006Military and overseas voters
X2020Military and overseas voters
South Dakota No internet voting
Tennessee No internet voting
TexasX 1998Active duty military voters and family in a hostile fire or imminent danger pay area or area designated as a combat zone
X1998Individuals on space flights during the early voting period and on Election Day
US Virgin IslandsX 1996Military and overseas voters
X 1996Military and overseas voters
UtahX 2006Military and overseas voters and voters with disabilities
X 2012Military and overseas voters and voters with disabilities
X2022Military and overseas voters and voters with disabilities
Vermont No internet voting
Virginia No internet voting
WashingtonX 2012Military and overseas voters
X 2012Military and overseas voters
West VirginiaX 2008Military and overseas voters
X 2010Military and overseas voters
X2018**Military and overseas voters, voters with physical disabilities, and first responders on duty outside their county
Wisconsin No internet voting
Wyoming No internet voting
* 12 counties beginning in 2000, one in 2004, 19 in 2006, six in 2008; statewide in 2012
** 24 counties in 2018, statewide in 2020

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